Papilio troilus has a wide distribution encompassing the eastern half of the United States. Florida populations can be found everywhere with the exception of Dade County and the Keys. Wingspans can reach a maximum of 5 inches and although they resemble the Pipevine Swallowtail, the Spicebush Swallowtail can be identified by the soft iridescent blue hue found on the upperside of its wings.

Suitable host plants include Spicebush, Sassafras, and Camphor tree.